Question of the Day

Active immunization with Clostridium novyi toxoid before the late summer is the most effective way to control and prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis (Black disease) in sheep.

Because vaccinated sheep have long-term immunity after only one shot, only new introductions to the flock (lambs and sheep brought in from other areas) need to be vaccinated.

Reducing the number of snails (intermediate hosts for fluke cercaria) with molluscicides or by fencing off wet areas may not be practical due to expense or amount of pasture lost. Likewise, use of flukicides is complicated by the need for careful timing and long withdrawal times for meat and milk.