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A nosocomial infection is hospital-acquired.
Typically, a stressed or sick animal is more vulnerable to the microorganisms that they may encounter in a hospital.
Remember that an animal can be infected by these organisms OUTSIDE a hospital too, but common examples of hospital-acquired infections can include parvovirus in young puppies, kennel cough (usually caused by Bordetella species) or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium diarrhea seen in horses hospitalized for other reasons.
Sometimes the microorganisms are not even pathogenic, meaning that healthy animals are not affected, but they can cause disease in very sick and weakened animals who are hospitalized.
