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Multiparous means the dam has been pregnant and given birth two or more times. “Parity” in reproduction refers to the number of times a female has given birth.
Primiparous means the first pregnancy and birth. A female cow who has not yet had her first calf is called a “heifer.” Some farmers use the term heifers until after the second calf is born.
A “first-calf heifer” is a younger, not yet full-size heifer who is having her first calf. A first-calf heifer is the most likely to have difficulty calving because of her small size and inexperience with birthing. Expect dystocia in 10-15% of first-calf heifers.
