Which of the following crystalloid fluids is hypertonic?
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7% saline is a hypertonic solution. Use it for fluid resuscitation in patients with shock.
Hypertonic saline solution (HSS) contains 1283 mEq/L of sodium and chloride compared to 154 mEq/L in normal saline (0.9%). The osmolality of HSS is 2567 milliosmoles/L, compared to 300 mOsm/L of plasma.
HSS is effective at small doses, typically 1-4 ml/kg over 15-20 mins. This is 1-20 mL for a 10 lb cat, 23-92 mL for a 50 lb dog and 1-2 L for a 1100 lb horse.
