TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 are the classic pro-inflammatory cytokines, secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes to mobilize other white blood cells, enhance natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and spur B and T cell proliferation.
These cytokines upregulate the liver’s acute phase response to infection and inflammation and affect hemostasis. Clinical effects include pyrexia, somnolence, and anorexia.
PGE1, PGE2, and PGI1 are prostaglandins, not cytokines. They are generated from arachidonic acid.
GM-CSF, G-CSF, and M-CSF are colony stimulating factors. They stimulate clonal expansion of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages.
Platelet activating factor, TXA2, and ADP upregulate platelet function and adhesion, promoting clot formation.
Angiotensin II, epinephrine, and endothelin are potent vasoconstrictors.
Click here for a detailed review of pro- and anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and cytokines.
